Capital gains refer to the profit realized from the sale of an asset, such as stocks, real estate, or other investments, when the selling price exceeds the purchase price. Understanding capital gains is crucial for investors, as it directly impacts the overall return on investment and tax obligations. There are two types of capital gains: short-term, which applies to assets held for one year or less, and long-term, applicable to assets held for more than one year. Short-term capital gains are typically taxed at ordinary income rates, while long-term gains benefit from lower tax rates, incentivizing longer investment horizons. Strategies to optimize capital gains include tax-loss harvesting, where losses are used to offset gains, and careful planning of asset sales. By navigating the complexities of capital gains, investors can enhance their financial outcomes and build wealth over time, making informed decisions that align with their financial goals.